Bitumen oil sands composition book

Bitumen is separated from the sand and clay matrix components of the oil sands using a warm water separation technique masliyah et al. Exploration for heavy crude oil and natural bitumen book. Canadian natural resources oil sands mining and upgrading. The composition of the oil sands and related bitumens are dominated by unresolvable compounds. These oils, however, can be refined into usable products. These deposits are estimated to hold almost 2 trillion barrels of oil, but less than 10% about 165 billion barrels can economically be recovered with current technology. Each grain of sand is surrounded by a film of water that is in turn covered by the heavy bitumen oil.

The chemical composition and consistency of these deposits vary significantly. The report asserts that refineries processing bitumen emit more sulphur dioxide so2 per barrel than refineries that process conventional crudes, and are therefore more dangerous. In grain size analysis, the sample is well sorted with a diameter of about 0. It is composed of sand, claw, water, and bitumen, which is an oil that is black and viscous.

Production of heavy minerals concentrate and bitumen from oil. Natural bitumen, also called tar sands or oil sands, shares the attributes of heavy oil but is yet more dense and viscous. Aostra technical handbook on oil sands, bitumens and heavy oils call number. December 20, 2016 unexamined risks from tar sands oil may threaten oceans. That is because the bitumen that makes up canadas oil sands is too viscous or thick to be pumped through a. Read chapter 3 bitumen properties, production, and transportation by pipeline. Viscosity is a measure of the fluids resistance to flow.

However, when the reserves of heavy oil and tar sand bitumen are taken into account, the balance shifts. Tailings ponds or tailings storage facilities play a critical role in storing solids from mined oil sands and managing water flows. Tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy. Heavy oil, oil sands, bitumen, petroleum publisher calgary, alta. Trace element composition of athabasca tar sands and extracted. Pdf understanding waterbased bitumen extraction from.

A typical oil sands deposits contains about 10% bitumen, 5% water and 85% solids. Natural bitumen is oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 cp. Scientists extract hydrogen gas from oil and bitumen, giving. Especially north of fort mcmurray, where the boreal forest has been razed and bitumen is mined from the ground in immense open pits, the blot on the landscape is incomparable. The general oil classification is related to the crude oils ease of flow and conse. As a result, any discussion of clays can, and often does, include both. However, the bitumen content can be as high as 20% in some sections. Of the worlds total oil resources, about 21 percent are heavy oils and about 30 percent are tar sands, though not all of these resources are considered recoverable. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.

Effects of diluted bitumen on crude oil transmissio. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil by murray r. Bitumen properties athabasca oil sands subject guides at. Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our. According to log data, it is estimated that average porosity of oil sands is 35. The solvent mixture contains a monoterpene, nonionic surfactant, a short chain alcohol and a short chain ketone. Aostra technical handbook on oil sands, bitumens and heavy. The development of heavy oil and bitumen reserves is increasing around the world. Oil sands is a relatively small section of the book because the technology. The oil sands region of canada is the source of diluted bitumen shipped by pipeline to the united states. Once completed, it is accepted as 37 credit hours toward the college diploma. The exact composition of albertas oil sands can vary greatly, even within the same geological formation. These ponds are massive earth structures, initially constructed from overburden hauled from the mine site. Includes errata sheet includes bibliographical references 2 14 48 52 addeddate.

In addition to the economic loss, presence of bitumen in waste streams causes a number of. Oil sands are found in 16 major deposits around the world, the two greatest being canadas athabasca deposit and venezuelas orinoco deposit. Bitumen is a kind of crude oil found in natural oil sands depositsits the heaviest crude oil used today. Mar 23, 2020 handbook on theory and practice of bitumen recovery from athabasca oil sands call number. Photodegradation of bitumenderived organics in oil sands. Enhanced flotation recovery of bitumen from oil sands. The tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive. Dwijen k banerjee unlike conventional oil resources, unconventional resources have been known to exist only for the last few decades and are available in limited areas of the world. Venezuela and canada have substantial reserves of heavy oil and tar sand bitumen, sufficient to shift the balance of petroleum reserves from the middle east to the americas. The scale of albertas oil sands operations, the worlds largest industrial project, is hard to grasp.

Dr fingas is the member of isco council for canada. Tutorial on upgrading of oilsands bitumen murray r gray imperial oil nserc industrial research chair in. Download table composition of the athabasca oil sands from publication. The role of clays in the performance of oilsands tailings. Dilbit is a heavy sour crude, while synthetic crude is a light sweet oil, produced only through bitumen upgrading. Composition of the athabasca oil sands download table. Due in part to the upgrading and refinery operations often associated with bitumen production, the oil sands industry is relatively sophisticated in its approach to tailings characterization and tailings management. A fraction of the bitumen from the feed ore is lost in the tailings generated from oil sands processing. Heavy crude oil is closely related to natural bitumen from oil sands. These sands can be mined, and then processed, to remove the bitumen.

An aliquot of a solvent mixture is mixed with bitumen ore and water. Opinion the dangers of diluted bitumen oil the new. However, the only tarsand deposit of present commercial importance is in the athabasca area of alberta, canada. Apr 01, 2015 tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive. Bitumens and diluted bitumens from western canadian oil sands. Apr 11, 2019 large enough to be seen from space, tailings ponds in albertas oil sands region are some of the biggest humanmade structures on earth.

Cover of sidney blairs report on the alberta bituminous sands commissioned by the government of alberta, 1950 source. The largest oil sands resource in alabama is within the hartselle sandstone, and has been known and studied since at least the 1890s. Even if future alberta bitumen were to be refined there, it would take three fullyloaded aframax tankers leaving texas for shiptoship transfers to each vlcc. Scientists have developed a largescale economical method to extract hydrogen h2 from oil sands natural bitumen and oil fields. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods 573.

This can be used to power hydrogenpowered vehicles, which are. Are bitumen refineries harmful to community health. In fact, dilbit is exempt from an excise tax that pays for oil spill cleanups, because the 1980 law that created the tax did not consider bitumen from the tar sands to be crude oil. In some areas, particularly in the united states, bitumen is often called. Modeling the molecular composition of vacuum residue from oil sand bitumen. A ph builder is added and following mixing primary and secondary froths are recovered. Unexamined risks from tar sands oil may threaten oceans. The oil sands of alberta, canada are a similar material. He is the solo author of the book oil sands, heavy oil, and bitumen from recovery to refi nery, from the same publisher. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil book, 2015. Apr 10, 2015 streets in several alberta cities as well as in ottawa were paved with bitumen in the 1920s, and both the international bitumen company and abasand oils ltd produced asphalt from the athabasca sands in the 1930s. The oil sands are a geological formation of a mixture of sand, water, clay and bitumen, which is a tarlike, thick heavy oil, with an average sulfur content of 4. Especially north of fort mcmurray, where the boreal forest has been razed and bitumen is mined from the ground in immense open pits. Pdf the chemistry of bitumen and heavy oil processing.

Bitumen, dense, highly viscous, petroleumbased hydrocarbon that is found in deposits such as oil sands and pitch lakes natural bitumen or is obtained as a residue of the distillation of crude oil refined bitumen. Alberta, canadas oil sands is the worlds most destructive. Deposits are found in northern alberta, at athabasca near fort mcmurray, includes wabasca deposits, cold lake ne of edmonton, and peace river ne of grand prairie. Effects of diluted bitumen on crude oil transmission pipelines analyzes whether shipments of diluted bitumen have a greater likelihood of release from pipelines than shipments of other crude oils. The chemistry of alberta oil sands, bitumens and heavy oils. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. Tailings ponds are normally located in a part of the lease that has little or no bitumen. Oil sands, generally speaking, are rocks that contain bitumen. Both are sold to refineries for conversion into final products. Ospw organics are persistent and acutely toxic, and a leading remediation strategy is l. Ultimate world reserves of bitumen in tar sands are about equal to ultimate reserves of crude oil in the u. A lack of publicly available information about the chemical composition of fuel mined from tar sands. Nor is the cutthroat competition among global oil producers, refiners, shippers, and speculators, in which nickels per barrel of oil delivered are fought over fiercely. The chemical composition of watersoluble organics in oil sands processaffected water ospw is primarily composed of natural constituents of bitumen that are solubilized and concentrated during aqueous extraction of oil sands.

Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. This new book is an important educational tool for anyone in the petroleum industrywhether upstream, downstream, or pipelinewho would like to learn the fundamentals of the most commonly known unconventional oils. Oil sands properties the samples are loose sands held together by bitumen from shallow depth around 300m. These important changes in tanker and terminal technology and scale are no secret in the oil industry outside canada. The composition of oil sands oil sands albertas energy. About 10% of the worlds oil reserves are located in the alberta oil sands. The fatal flaw of albertas oil expansion national observer. Primarily, these rocks are sandstone, although limestone can also be impregnated with bitumen. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen. Nor is the dirty chemical composition of tar sandsoil sands bitumen. Scientists extract hydrogen gas from oil and bitumen. The heavyoil which will flow to a well bore in the designated oil sands areas is referred to as primary in situ crude bitumen hein, 2004, 2006a.

And it is to this subject that this book is devoted. Bitumen properties athabasca oil sands subject guides. The oil sands, also known as tar sands, contain a mixture of sand, water and oily bitumen. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil wayne state. In his previous job at the university of tulsa, oklahoma, he has co supervised about a dozen ph. Molecular weight wise, bitumen is a mixture of about 300 2000 chemical components, with an average of around 500 700. Oil sands geology and the properties of bitumen oil. This sequence is how the alberta oil sands 21 and other oilsand. May 16, 2014 bitumen extraction test calculation bituminous macadam mix design percentage test calculation 2018 duration. In the alberta oil sands areas, resourcesreserves of the associated heavyoil are booked along with the bitumen by the aer. Nor is the dirty chemical composition of tar sands oil sands bitumen. Tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive.

How to recover the bitumen from the oil sands economically and. In comparison to oil sands bitumen, conventional crude oils are of. In late 2017, the phase 3 expansion was completed at horizon, the final step in the companys transition to a long life low decline asset base. Unprocessed oil sands contain 318% bitumen by weight, along with 210% water and 8085% mineral matter sand, clay, etc. Influence of oil sands composition on bitumen quality. Alberta government issues report on oil sands potential. Beginning with a thorough grounding in the composition, fluid properties, reaction behaviour, and economics of bitumen and heavy oil, murray gray then delves. Worldwide heavy oil and bitumen deposits amount to 9 trillion barrels of oil distributed in over 280 basins around the world 1, with canada home to oil sands deposits of 1. A substance produced through the distillation of crude oil and known for its waterproofing and adhesive properties.

Once processed, then bitumen can be then refined into oil. Athabasca oil sands conference establishes an alberta oil sands policy and stimulates commercial interest in the. Since the late 19th century, people have schemed to tap the petroleum wealth of the oil sands. Some oil sands leaseholders requested that all current and future associated gas production from affected oil sands deposits be curtailed. Tar sands also known as oil sands and bituminous sands are sand deposits which are impregnated with dense viscous petroleum. Oil sands, also known as tar sands, are sediments or sedimentary rocks composed of sand, clay minerals, water, and bitumen. What is diluted bitumen and is it more dangerous than. Etsell department of chemical and materials engineering, university of alberta, edmonton, ab, canada, t6g 1h9. Though the focus is on bitumen from albertas oilsandsthe largest resource in the worldthe science applies to upgrading of heavy oil and petroleum residue feeds worldwide. The oil sands, also known as tar sands, contain a mixture of sand, water, and oily bitumen. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Us20150083645a1 composition for recovering bitumen from. Elementally, it is around 95% carbon and hydrogen 87% carbon and 8% hydrogen, and up to 5% sulfur, 1% nitrogen, 1% oxygen and 2000ppm metals.

The oil is in the form of bitumen, a very heavy liquid or sticky black solid with a low melting temperature. Tn 859 a3 a122 1989 study of the composition of the separated bitumen from alberta bituminous sands. To be transported to refineries, bitumens must be diluted. Bitumen production through distillation removes lighter crude oil. Diluent is a diluting or thinning agent and its really important to the oil sands. Production of heavy minerals concentrate and bitumen from oil sands froth treatment tailings article in the canadian journal of chemical engineering 918 august 20 with 15 reads. Aug 19, 2019 scientists have developed a largescale economical method to extract hydrogen h2 from oil sands natural bitumen and oil fields. This serial will cover the topic of bitumen products such as from the canadian oil sands and diluted bitumen products dilbit and others. Facts about albertas oil sands and its industry open government. Tar sands, also variously called oil sands or bituminous sands, are loosetoconsolidated sandstone or a porous carbonate rock, impregnated with bitumen, a high boiling asphaltic material with an extremely high viscosity that is immobile under reservoir conditions and vastly different from conventional crude oil meyer and attanasi, 2003. Oil sand is composed of quartz sand that is completely enveloped within bitumen, which is the heaviest form of petroleum. Neither of the terms asphalt or bitumen should be confused with tar or coal tars. Confusing heterogeneous denominations arise because of similar key characteristics presented by these resources. Oil sands bitumen is safely processed at refineries.

Oil sands operations as a large source of secondary. Heavy oil, extra heavy oil, oil sand, tar sands, oil shale and bitumen are all unconventional oil resources. As a result, any discussion of clays can, and often does, include both a size and mineralogy component. The horizon oil sands include a surface oil sands mining and bitumen extraction plant, complemented by onsite bitumen upgrading with associated infrastructure to produce high quality sco. Banerjees expertise is in the area of heavy oil and bitumen characterization, processing, and upgrading to synthetic crude. The effect of oil sands bitumen extraction conditions on froth treatment performance further. The report points to bitumen s composition, which includes more sulphur in it than conventional crudes. One of the chief human health concerns associated with oil sands development is the leakage of contaminated wastewater into drinking water supplies.